Appendix
a. The List of the variables used in the SPSS count procedure to produce new attitudinal variables:
1. Cultural Conflict: Q1Y; Q1N
Do you think you are caught between two cultures? Do you feel a conflict of loyalties between your British environment and your Zoroastrian religion and ethnicity? (Conflict/ No Conflict)
2. Ethnic Identity: Q2Y; Q2N
How would you explain yourself as a Zoroastrian? What is distinctly Zoroastrian?
Is knowledge of your religion's history is important to preserving your cultural roots?
Is religion/ dress/ food/ language part of your cultural identity?
(Ethnic Identity/ No Ethnic Identity)
3. Religious Identity: Q3Y; Q3N
Prayer; Purity laws; Agiary; Prayer-room; Death ritual; Jashns; Gambars; No-ruz; Sudre; Kusti? Vegetarian days;
Do you believe in Ahura Mazda?
(Religious Identity/ No Religious Identity)
4. Symbolic Boundaries: Q4Y; Q4N
Should non-Zoroastrians attend Zoroastrian funerals and prayers for the dead?
Should non-Zoroastrians be allowed attend death ceremonies if they are married to a Zoroastrian? Should we change our traditions?
Should we change our religious beliefs? Should we change our religious practices? Should we change family structure?
Do you think that people not born of the faith should be initiated into the religion?
(Open Boundaries/ Close Boundaries).
5. Attitudes to Outsiders: Q5Y; Q5N
Do you have close native British friends? Do you think it is difficult to get close to British people?
Are there dangers for Zoroastrians living in the UK such as for the family/ British class structure/ freedom & independence/ non-religious society/ materialistic/ racialist society?
If one of your relations contemplated living in the UK would you advise them to do so?
(Negative/ Positive)
6. Attitudes to Insiders: Q6Y; Q6N
Do you think there are important religious differences between Iranis and Parsis?
Do you find any difficulty mixing with Iranis/ Parsis? (Negative/ Positive)
7. Perceived Racial Prejudice: Q7Y; Q7N
Have you experienced racial prejudice? Racial prejudice by contemporaries/ teachers/ curriculum/ career/ shops, streets/ police/ general public?
(Yes/ No)
8. Symbolic Boundaries and Race: Q8Y; Q8N
If you were to perceive Britain as a racially unjust Society should Zoroastrians "draw in" and keep to themselves?
Do you think that if racial prejudice increases the community's sense of closeness will increase correspondingly?
Would you consider it better to abandon your Zoroastrianess and become totally assimilated into British society in order to "hedge" against prejudice? (Keep Group Boundaries/ No)
9. Religious Knowledge: Q9Y; Q9N
All religions think that God is responsible for life, is he responsible for death?
Is God all powerful?
How do you think of Ahriman?
Do you think Zoroastrianism is Monotheistic/ Dualistic/ Polytheistic?
If you pray, what do you pray?
Regarding Zarathustra was he divine?
When do you think he lived?
(Knowledge/ No Knowledge)
b. All the variables outlined in sections 1-9 were recoded so that they had (YES/ NO responses) to the questions asked of the respondents. The SPSS Count procedure was then used to add all those respondents who had answered YES/ NO to the groups of variables and produce new variables called Q1Y to Q9Y, (YES responses), and Q1N to Q9N, (NO responses). For the former group, Q1Y to Q9Y, (YES responses), the SPSS Count procedure allocated, the NO responses and the Missing Values to one category 0.00. For example Q1Y, see Table 1: Cultural Conflict Q1Y (YES Responses) Frequency Distribution.
.00 was the category of respondents who answered either NO to both of the Cultural Conflict questions, or who were Missing Values for both of the questions. The categories 1.00 & 2.00 were those respondents who answered either 1 YES or 2 YES to the original two variables /questions involved in the new variable, Cultural Conflict. Thus, the new variables ran from NO/ Missing Values to high YES score. For example, the variable Cultural Conflict ran from NO cultural conflict /Missing Values to 2 YES responses to cultural conflict. This procedure was repeated with regard to the (NO responses) of the respondents giving a second group of attitudinal variables, Q1N to Q9N, (NO responses). These variables ran from YES/ Missing Values, .00, to high NO score. The variable, Cultural Conflict, (NO responses), ran from YES to cultural conflict to two NO responses to cultural conflict, where the .00 category was the category of respondents who answered YES to both of the cultural conflict questions, or who were Missing Values. It should be noted in comparing the two versions of the new variable, Cultural Conflict, that they were not the inverse of one another Table 2: Original Variables Frequency Distribution.
The variables Caught Between Two Cultures and Conflict British Environment Zoroastrian Ethnicity, that were combined to form the new variables, Cultural Conflict, (YES responses) and (NO responses), had, in total, 136 respondents who said YES and 317 respondents who said NO. This is reflected in frequency distributions of the new variables, see Table 3: New Variables Count (YES/ NO Responses). The category .00 in the variables Q1Y and Q1N includes Missing Cases and Don't Know as well as the NO responses for Q1Y and Yes responses for Q1N.
c. The SPSS Frequencies program was used to look at the distribution of the new variables. See Table 4: Count (Yes Responses) Frequency Distribution and Table 5: Count (NO Responses) Frequency Distribution. The variable Attitudes to Insiders, Q6N, (NO responses), did not have a single respondent who said that there were NO problems between Parsis and Iranis. They either answered Yes or Missing Value. See Table 5: Count (NO Responses) Frequency Distribution. Thus this variable, Attitudes to Insiders, Q6N, (NO responses), could not be used in the correlation analyses.
d. I used SPSS Correlation techniques to look at the respondents responses to the nine new variables. The correlation coefficient is not is not expressed in any units of measure. It is used to summarize the strength of the linear association. As the SPSS manual notes it is a common mistake to interpret the correlation coefficient as the correlation implying causation.
(SPSS Manual p. B-41)
The nine attitudinal variables, dealing with the (YES responses) were correlated with one another. See Table 6: Correlation Attitudinal Variables (YES Responses).
For the attitudinal variables dealing the (NO responses) the correlations are given in Table 7: Correlation Attitudinal Variables (NO Responses).
e. The attitudinal variables, (YES /NO responses), were correlated with the following demographic variables which were coded 1/0 where suitable, or where they were already interval variables. See Table 8: Demographic Variables List.
When the demographic variables, Gender to Type of Migrant, were correlated with the nine attitudinal variables, Q1Y to Q9Y, (YES responses), the following correlations were observed, see Table 9: Correlation Attitudinal Variables (YES Responses) Demographic Variables.
When the identity variables, Gender to Type of Migrant, were correlated with the nine attitudinal variables, Q1N to Q9N, (NO responses), the following correlations were observed, see Table 10: Correlation Attitudinal Variables (NO Responses) Demographic Variables.